Extremophiles are organisms that have been discovered on Earth that survive in environments that were once thought not to be able to sustain life. These extreme environments include intense heat, highly acidic environments, extreme pressure and extreme cold. Different organisms have developed varying ways of adapting to these environments, but most scientists agree that it is unlikely that life on Earth originated under such extremes.
this is because the blood flow slow through the capillaries to allow gaseous exchange. Plus the pressure is higher in capillaries because the diameter of the capillaries is smaller than arterioles
Simply use a stop watch. Begin the stop watch when the necessary elements have been added and stop it immediately as soon as it turns purple. Repeat the process a few times to make sure the timing is accurate.