Use carbon dioxide and release oxygen gas
Answer:
During DNA replication each parental DNA strand serves as a template to a new complementary strand. DNA polymerase is the main enzyme responsible for this process, it catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to form the new DNA chain.
The complementary nature of the DNA strands, presents a difficulty for DNA replication: DNA polymerase catalyzes the polymerization of DNA only in the 5’ to3’ -in the leading DNA strand. Thus, the opposite DNA strand, the lagging strand, faced an obstacle that is solved by the Okazaki small fragments. The primase enzyme synthesizes small RNA fragments complementary to the lagging DNA strand. These RNA fragments serve as primers for the DNA polymerase. To remove this RNA primers and form a continuous complementary lagging strand, RNase H and DNAse ligase will further cut and join the DNA again.
DNA polymerase has a higher processivity than primase, if processivity is the average number of nucleotides that it is capable to continuously add to the template strand. Primase dissociates from the template often during DNA replication as it has to constantly add new RNA primers to the strand.
Answer:
an mRNA sequence is read using the genetic code, which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNA sequence is to be translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids
Explanation:
Answer:
All the above participate in the ammonia excretion
Explanation:
The amino groups present in the amino acids are required to form the urea. The ammonia disposal takes place un the liver by the urea formation and is excreted in the kidneys by urine. When free ammonia is produced in peripheral tissues, it is transported to the liver by glucose -alanine cycle, alanine in transported in the blood to the liver, where is converted into pyruvate.
Another pathway is by glutamine synthase/glutaminase system. The storage and transport of ammonia to the liver is glutamine from glutamate by glutamine synthetase: NH3 + glutamate → glutamine once in the liver glutamine is transformed into glutamate again by glutaminase enzyme: glutamine → NH3 + glutamate.
In the liver takes place the urea cycle, the amino acids transported into the liver can be converted to aspartate. This aspartate enters the urea cycle forming an intermediate of the cycle, and the final product is urea that is excreted by urine.
