Mycorrhizae, specialized symbiotic associations between the roots of plants and fungi, are characteristic of about 90% of all plants.
Mycorrhizal fungi are a symbiotic combination of fungi and plants. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of fungi in a plant's rhizome, its root system. Mycorrhizae play an important role in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry.
In mycorrhizal organization, the fungus resides in the root tissues of the host plant, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as in extrinsic fungi.
The association is sometimes reciprocal. In some species or in specific cases, mycorrhizal fungi may have a parasitic association with the host plant.
Mycorrhizae are generally divided into ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. These two types are distinguished by the fact that mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi does not penetrate individual root cells while mycelium of endophytic fungi penetrates the cell wall and penetrates the cell membrane.
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Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of Oxygen. Strictly speaking aerobic means in air, but it is the Oxygen in the air which is necessary for aerobic respiration. ... ATP can provide energy for other processes such as muscle contractions.
<span>This is a great question and I would love to hear what a roller coaster designer / engineer thinks makes a successful roller coaster. Until they show up, though, you've just got me.For me a successful roller coaster is one that fills me with dread as it makes the slow climb up the track, and then converts that dread into pure adrenaline as it takes me down and around. It's the one that makes your stomach drop as you're in freefall and makes your heart skip a beat as you take a corkscrew loop. Some roller coasters are open at the bottom so your legs dangle off. Some go backwards through a corkscrew. Those are fun additions.What I'm saying is that a good roller coaster is one that floods you with emotions as you're riding it - think about the Mummy ride at Universal Studios. It's not a particularly crazy coaster as far as thrill rides go, but the design of the ride itself is meant to fill you with anxious dread as you wait for something to happen and then launches you at breakneck speed when you least expect it. That's a good roller coaster, and I'm not even sure you'd actually call it a roller coaster.Well that's me ^.^ I hope this helps</span>
