Indicate the type of testing each sentence describes. 1. Chromosomes from a sample of cells are stained and analyzed microscopic
ally. Karyotyping 2. A DNA probe that hybridizes to a particular gene can be used to determine if a gene is present, absent or altered. (Click to select) 3. Antibodies are used to detect the presence or absence of a protein. (Click to select) 4. The enzymatic activity of a protein can be assayed in vitro. (Click to select)
Karyotyping is the procedure in which pictures of the chromosomes are taken in order to identify and classify them according to their sizes, lengths, centromere positions, banding patterns, etc. In karyotiping, the chromosomes are stained to be clearly seen under a light microscope. <em>In situ </em>hybridization is a technique where complementary DNA oligonucleotides (either DNA or RNA) are used as probes to localize a specific segment of nucleic acid in a histologic section. Immunoblotting (western blotting) is a sensitive assay where antibodies are used to mark a protein, thereby enabling the identification of target proteins by exploiting the recognition specificity mechanism between antigens and antibodies. An enzyme assay is a technique used to measure the consumption rate of a given substrate or its production rate over time. Enzyme assays can be classified into four types: initial rate, transient kinetics, relaxation and progress curve assays.
