Answer:
A mutation in Ras protein which will cause hyperactivity will eventually lead to cancer.
Explanation:
Ras protein was first discovered in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and it is a proto-oncogene product. In normal conditions, it plays an important role in cellular signalling but in case of gain of function/hyperactivity it gets converted into cellular oncogene. In several types of cancers a point mutation has been reported in Ras protein.
Just like G protein, it is also a GTPase switch protein but unlike G protein which is trimeric, it is monomeric. In the plasma membrane, it is attached with the help of lipids like prenyl or palmitoyl groups. During signal transduction pathway when it gets activated, it downstream activates MAPK pathway and causes gene expression but when it gets hyperactivated it causes over expression of genes leading to cancer.
I think it the answer could be a "steamy mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor".
Answer: (c) It generates ATP, which cells can use to do work.
(d) It generates chemical gradients, which have potential energy.
Explanation:
The overall process of Cellular respiration is the aerobic break down of organic compounds (food) with the release of CO2, water and energy in form of ATP which drives most cellular work.
Organic compound + oxygen --------> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP + heat)
In cellular respiration during the break down of food in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, chemical energy (NADH and FADH) are extracted from each cellular process and transported to the electron transport chain built in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The chemical energy harvested from food is transformed into a proton-motive force, a gradient of H+ across the membrane. When this H+ election fall from their gradient via ATP synthase, Chemiosmosis couples this proton motive force to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP.
Answer:
The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. Air moves in and out of the lungs through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Blood moves in and out of the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and veins that connect to the heart.
