It is difficult to generalize the situation of the white population after the Civil War, as it varied across regions and social classes. The North was less affected by the Civil War, and its economy improved in the post-war years. This continued to be focused on manufacturing. The North also received a large influx of immigrants, both from the South and from Europe.
In the South, the situation was different. The war brought enormous disruption to the region, not only in economic terms, but also in terms of social identity. Therefore, the backlash against the black population was stronger, and many of the goals of the war could not be achieved during the Reconstruction period.
