Gustatory is a word derived from the Latin word <em>gustare. </em>It means to taste, therefore when someone use the word <em>gustatory</em>, they refer to the concept of eating, of tasting something.
You may, for example, use the expression "gustatory experience" to describe a meal or a dish that tasted particularly delicious.
It is used in more formal speech rather than casual. It is also use in medicine and science when referring to the sense of taste.