In Europe, during the 18th century, the classic non-national states were the multiethnic empires, the Austrian Empire, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Hungary, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire and smaller nations at what would now be called sub-state level.
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These words are part of Montesquieu's treatise The Spirit of the Laws. More specifically, they belong to the Chapter 6 ("Of the Constitution of Engand") of this treatise.
In this text, Montesquieu defends political liberty. Moreover, he argues that the best way of achieving it is by establishing the separation of the powers. In that way, Montesquieu believes that the different functions of government, that is to say the executive, legislative, and judicial functions, should be assigned to different bodies. Furthermore, he argues that liberty cannot be established in a nation where there is no separation of powers.
The middle of a see-saw, opposing forces cancel each other out.
