Chris McCandless, aka Alexander Supertramp, experiences various enlightening moments that unfold the main idea in the novel, "Into the Wild". Jon Krakauer clearly portrays this main idea of his novel: a young man attempts to find true happiness through solitude and nature, instead of finding it in society.
The answer is C) cause and effect because if it explores the relationship between and action and it's consequences you would be talking about a cause and then it's effect of what happened.