Answer:
Sparta was ruled by two kings, who ruled until they died or were forced out of office. Athens was ruled by archons, who were elected annually. Thus, because both parts of Athens' government had leaders who were elected, Athens is said to have been the birthplace of democracy. Spartan life was simple.
Judicial activism is the act of passing ruling in a court not according to the law, but to personal beliefs and preferences. The opposite of judicial activism is judicial restraint, in which the judges follow the constitution exactly and abstain from passing ruling not specified in the constitution.
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