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AnnZ [28]
3 years ago
12

It has been hypothesized that humans arrived in North America by crossing a land bridge in the far north between what is now Asi

a and North America (the Bering Bridge). If this is so, does it represent a dispersal event or a vicariance event for our species? Explain.
Biology
1 answer:
andrew11 [14]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Is a vicariance event

Explanation:

Even both terms are very similar, there is a difference. A dispersal event occurs when an initial specie travels from one place to another and due to the  environmental factors and the adaptation that need to develop to survive will change into different species. In the other hand, the vicariance, is a process in which there is a specie and it lives in a wide are, but it fragments into groups mainly by the continental drift, so with the passing of time it turns into different characteristics, as the human race.

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If ethyl alcohol contains almost as much energy as the original pyruvic acid, what can you infer about the efficiency of ferment
shusha [124]

Explanation:

Fermentation has a comparatively low efficiency as it produces the same amount of energy, whereas aerobic  respiration produces up to 38 molecules of ATP .

Aerobic respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).

Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:

  • - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
  • -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
  • -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle

Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation.

  • Net production of ATP in fermentation: 2 ATP
  • Net production of ATP in aerobic respiration ≈38 ATP

Further Explanation:

overall in aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP

In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).

Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.

This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...

  • Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
  • The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
  • The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

Learn more about cellular respiration at brainly.com/question/11203046

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7 0
4 years ago
Why are there no volcanoes along transform plate boundaries? At continent-continent convergent plate boundaries?
docker41 [41]
Volcanos cant form there. now i need 20 characters
4 0
3 years ago
Define concentration gradient.
kirill115 [55]

Answer:

A concentration gradient occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another. In passive transport, particles will diffuse down a concentration gradient, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration, until they are evenly spaced.

Explanation:

Hope this helps c:

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
When a species includes organisms with a wide variety of traits, it is most likely that this species will have ___________.a. a
Furkat [3]

Answer:

b. a greater chance to survive if environmental conditions suddenly change

Explanation:

When a species of organism has a wide variety of characteristics, it means that that species has many opportunities to adapt and survive different environmental conditions, even if those conditions change suddenly. This is because, this variety of characteristics allows this species to adopt the most variable survival strategies.

4 0
3 years ago
High Energy electrons are transported from the chlorophyll to other molecules in the chloroplast by?
Reil [10]

Explanation:

High-energy electrons are transported from the chlorophyll to other molecules by electron carriers beginning with pheophytin, P0 (a form of chlorophyll), then A1 phylloquinone etc.

The chloroplast is an organelle attached to the membrane found in plants. This comprises many plasma membrane invaginations called the thylakoid membrane. It contains chlorophyll pigments, called granum in rows, while the organelle's internal areas are called the lumen. Water fills the granum and the stroma is created.

Further Explanation:

<em>During the light reaction: </em>

  • Photosystem II  (PSII) contains pigments which consume light energy. This energy is exchanged between pigments until it enters the reaction core and is moved to P680; this transfers an electron to a higher level of energy where it then travels to a molecule of acceptors.
  • For those removed from photosystem II, water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with substitute electrons. Additionally, water (H2O) divided into H+ and OH-by light during photolysis acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducer.
  • The electron moves down the electron transport chain via several electron carriers
  • The e- is delivered (to PS I) where it has a continuous loss of energy. Such energy drives the drainage of H+ from the stroma to the thykaloid, which results in a gradient creation. The H+ pass down their curve, passing into the stroma by ATP synthase.
  • ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the ATP molecule, which stores energy.
  • The electron enters Photosystem I where it heads to P700 pigments. It's. This consumes light energy, transfers the electron to a higher energy level, and moves it on to an acceptor electron. This leaves room for another electron which is then replaced by a photosystem II electron.
  • In the ETC the NADP molecule is reduced to NADPH by supplying H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are vital to the Calvin cycle, in which monosaccharides or glucose-like sugars are produced after several molecules have been modified.

Learn more about photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

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4 0
3 years ago
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