Answer: risk avoidance
Explanation:
Risk avoidance is simply defined as the process by which safeguards are applied in order to avoid a negative impact. It should be noted that a risk avoidance strategy helps to eliminate all risk and organizations apply safeguards to both potential threats and vulnerabilities.
Risk avoidance helps to remove hazards, and the activities that'll have a negative impact on the business.
Answer:
Stock Y is overvalued and Stock Z is undervalued.
Explanation:
The stock is fairly valued when the required rate of return on the stock is equal to its expected return. If the expected return on the stock is more than the required rate of return, the stock is undervalued and vice versa.
The required rate of return on the stock is calculated under the CAPM approach suing the following formula.
r = rRF + Beta * rpM
Where,
- rRf is the risk free rate
- rpM is the risk premium on market
r of Stock Y = 0.052 + 1.3 * 0.077 = 0.1521 or 15.21%
The required rate of return of Stock Y (15.21%) is more than its expected rate (14.9%) which means the stock is overvalued.
r of Stock Z = 0.052 + 0.95 * 0.077 = 0.12515 or 12.515%
The required rate of return of Stock Z (12.515%) is less than its expected rate (12.8%) which means the stock is undervalued.
Answer:
1. Which of the excluded items represent ongoing costs of running the business and which are one-time "special" costs?
it depends on the company and the actual transactions, e.g. equity based compensation might be a one time special cost because it occurred only once and is doubtful that it happens again. But if the company regularly rewards its top managers with this type of compensation, then it is an ongoing cost. E.g. Tesla awarded a HHHHUUUUUUGGGGGGGEEEEEEE bonus to Elon Musk (worth hundreds of millions) but it was a one time event. While many companies use equity compensation on a regular basis.
Severance and related employee "rebalancing" costs generally take place when a company fires a lot of people because it is cutting down some division or product line. Hopefully, they should never happen, and if they do, it should be only a one time event.
Fees paid to consultants and interest expenses are ongoing costs that will probably occur in the future.
Losses related to the abandonment of excess facility space and a facility fire should be one time events. It would be really bad for them to keep happening (same as severance and rebalancing costs)
Answer:
strategic takes a long time, its like long division in math. Control, you cant control most things unless ur a big person in a company/buisiness.
Explanation:
