Answer:
Explanation:
1. Some of the operational and behavioral benefits that are generally attributed to a participatory budgeting process are as follows:
a) Utilization of the best knowledge of activities in a specific area, because the participants are close to daily operations.
b) Goals that are more realistic and acceptable.
c) Improved communication and group cohesiveness.
d) A sense of commitment and willingness to be held accountable for the budget.
2. Four deficiencies in Patricia Eklund’s participatory policy for planning and performance evaluation, along with recommendations of how the deficiencies can be corrected:
Deficiencies Recommendations The setting of constraints on fixed expenditures includes uncontrollable fixed costs, thereby mitigating the positive effects of participatory budgeting. Rewards should be based on meeting budget and/or organizational goals or objectives. The arbitrary revision of approved budgets defeats the participatory process. The contingency budget should be separate, over and above each department’s srcinal submission. The division manager holds back a percentage of each budget for discretionary use. Managers should be involved in the revision of budgets. Managers could submit a budget with programs at different levels of funding. Evaluation based on budget performance must be accompanied with intrinsic rewards. Divisional constraints could be at a budget "kick-off meeting;however individual limit of controllable expenses should be set by each manager
Answer:
1. FDA found rodent infestation in the Acme warehouses, between 1970 and 1972.
2. Mr. Park was warned about the problem severally and by reason of his position in the company, he failed to prevent or promptly correct the violation.
3. The instruction given by the judge impose a standard criminal liability and a fine of $500.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
unstructured organizational can as well be regarded as "decentralized organization" it can can simply explained as one with little bureaucratic or hierarchical structure. In an unstructured organizational decision, the decision maker needs to make provision for insight and evaluation for the problem definition, because in this unstructured organizational decision every decision is crucial and there is no or little procedures to follow in making these decisions. It should be noted that in unstructured organizational decisions, few or no procedures to follow for a given situation can be specified in advance.
True.
A consumer is anyone who buys and consumes a product or service.