This energy most directly results from the life activity of respiration.
The hummingbirds have very high energy expenditure (have the highest oxygen requirements of all vertebrae) with a fast heart rate, very fast wing beats and sustained hovering. So the hummingbird is nearly always on the edge of starvation, needing to take in more nectar than its body weight each day.
The respiratory system of these birds is highly adapted for the high oxygen needs. So, the muscles of the hummingbird cause pressure changes within the air sacs. As a result, more oxygen can enter the respiratory system. Also, they have the highest density of red blood cells which allows them to rise heart beat to around 500 breaths per minute during flight.
Answer: a law
Explanation: If you need the definition too. A descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions.
Answer:
- Glutamate dehydrogenase has a low affinity for NH+4, and can only catalyze the formation of glutamate from alpha-ketoglutarate and NH+4, when the concentration of NH+4 is high.
- Glutamate is the amino group donor for most transamination reactions involving amino acids, thus an increase in glutamate concentration increases protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) is an enzyme found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which is known to catalyze the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate (Glu) to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia at the same time the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In bacteria, this enzyme (GLDH) is efficient only at high concentrations of the ammonium cation (NH4+), because it has a low affinity for NH4+. Moreover, transamination is a pathway that involves the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a ketoacid in order to form new amino acids (this reaction is responsible for the deamination of most amino acids). Glu is the donor of amino groups in most of the reactions catalyzed by enzymes involved in the transamination between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. In consequence, in presence of GLDH, a high concentration of Glu will increase the production of new amino acids and therefore also protein synthesis.
