1. Jacob Riis. In the late 1800s, the rapid growth of cities during America's second wave of industrialization produced serious problems. Overcrowding in huge apartment buildings known as tenements were unsanitary, and garbage accumulated in the streets, leading to the spread of disease. Poverty was common, and crime was a result. Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who took photographs of the horrible living conditions in New York City. His photos in "How the Other Half Lives" shocked Americans and resulted in many reformers campaigning for better water and sewage systems and vaccinations.
2. NAACP. The NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was formed in 1909. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, African Americans in the North and South faced discrimination. Even though slavery had been abolished by the 13th amendment in 1865, African Americans were denied basic rights. Many notable African Americans from this time period advocated for full equality, such as Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells, and W.E.B. Dubois. Dubois believed that under no circumstances should African Americans accept segregation, and he helped found the NAACP to help with attempts to gain legal and economic equality for African Americans.
3. Conservation. The protection and preservation of natural resources is known as conservation. One of the most prominent leaders of the conservation movement was President Theodore Roosevelt. A progressive president and an avid outdoorsman, Roosevelt began to protect America's natural resources by establishing some of the first national parks for future generations. Other progressive presidents, such as William H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson, also contributed greatly to conservation efforts in the early 1900s.
4. Jim Crow Laws. After the abolition of slavery in 1865, laws in Southern states were put into place to separate blacks and whites. These laws were called "Jim Crow" laws, named after a character in a song. Jim Crow laws required the separation of African Americans and whites in nearly any public place they might come in contact with each other. A famous court case in 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson enforced the concept of "separate but equal" facilities and institutions to segregate blacks and whites.
The root cause of the American Civil War is perhaps the most controversial topic in American history. Even before the war was over, scholars in the North and South began to analyze and interpret the reasons behind the bloodshed.
The scholars immediately disagreed over the causes of the war and disagreement persists today. Many maintain that the primary cause of the war was the Southern states’ desire to preserve the institution of slavery. Others minimize slavery and point to other factors, such as taxation or the principle of States' Rights.
In 2011, at the outset of the sesquicentennial, a Pew Research Center poll found that Americans were significantly divided on the issue, with 48% saying the war was "mainly about states' rights," 38% saying the war was "mainly about slavery," with the remainder answering "both equally" or "neither/don't know."
Lines of latitude, also called parallels, "<span>a. run in an east and west direction and measure distance north and south of the equator", while lines of longitude run North and South. </span>
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Because Dr. Borlaug’s work significantly increased agricultural yields in Mexico and India.
