Answer:
Last one
Explanation: Virginia grew mostly cotton and tobacco, while Pennsylvania grew mostly wheat. This is because of their different types of environments.
Venice and Florence emerged as key centers of trade in the Mediterranean, based on the trade of silk, cotton, wool and spices. The Italian city-states were the bridge between the Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
Answer:
The Columbian exchanged fostered massive changes in both the Americas and Europe.
For the Americas, the first, and most radical change was the decimation of the Native American population, due to the spread of diseases of Eurasian origin, such as measles and syphillis, for which the Native Americans did not have any defenses. According to some historians, the spread of this diseases killed up to 95% of the pre-columbian Native American population.
The second change is related to the first, and was the immigration of many Europeans to the Americas: Spaniards to Spanish Latin America, Portuguese to Portuguese Latin America, and so on.
A third change came from the introduction of Eurasian goods: from horses, to cows, to apples, to rice and wheat. This changed the lifestyle and diet of even Native Americans. For example, Native Americans in the United States adapted to the use of horses, which became a crucial part of their culture.
There are certain reasons for why North Africa may not be considered "African" in the same sense as the rest of the African continent. One such reason is geographical - that the Sahara Desert separates most of North Africa from that of the rest of the Continent as well as dense jungles and rainforests making travel into inner Africa difficult. Also, North Africa is positioned along the Mediterranean Sea which was a commercial and traveling hub for most of the western world throughout human history. This results in constant contact with civilizations such as Rome, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ottomans, Spanish, etc. that made North Africa part of a different world than what the rest of Africa was experiencing during history. For these reasons, North Africa had enjoyed a different exposure to cultures, possibilities, and commerce that the majority of the African continent was not able to.
