This patient both has left-sided heart failure and right-sided heart failure. In left-sided heart failure, this patient exhibits increasing shortness of breath on exertion as well as three pillow orthopnea which indicates pulmonary congestion. This is because of pooling of blood in the pulmonary circulation. Bipedal edema, in this patient is a grade 2 bipedal edema, reflect right-sided heart failure as there is pooling of blood in the systemic circulation, causing transudation in the most dependent areas of the body.
Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system. It is a relatively new discipline within medicine, neuroscience, and psychology.
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