Question

The critical new factor in the Hebrews new religious vision was that ?

Answer 1

When Hebrews were wandering in Sinai , they were uplifted by belief in one God, Yahweh.

The Hebrews originated in Mesopotamia and migrated to Canaan. Some Hebrews made a journey to Egypt and were made forced laborers by locals.In the early Thirteenth century, Moses led the Hebrews in the exodus of from Egypt.Israel fell to Assyrians and they deported Hebrews to other parts of the empire where they merged and assimilated.

Answer 2

You didn't list choices, but I'd say the answer is that the Hebrew religion asserted that there is only one God.

Explanation:

Other world religions developed ideas of multiple gods or deities, each with certain powers or areas of authority.  In their systems, they may have  envisioned one of the gods within such pantheons as the highest of the gods. But the Hebrews' faith was unique in its assertion of monotheism, the conviction that there is only one true Deity.  The first commandment of the Law (Torah) as given by God to the Hebrew people stated, "I am the LORD your God ... You shall have no other gods before me" (Exodus 20:2-3).  That didn't mean go ahead and believe in other gods but keep the LORD God (Yahweh) at the top.  Elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible, the Hebrew people confess:  "All the gods of the nations are idols, but the Lord made the heavens" (1 Chronicles 16:26, Psalm 96:5).  And through the prophet Isaiah, the LORD God told the people:  "I am the Lord, and there is no other;  apart from me there is no God. ... Ignorant are those who carry about idols of wood,  who pray to gods that cannot save" (Isaiah 45:5,20)