The Van der Waal’s forces are the forces, which are formed by the attraction of two opposite charged bodies. This charge exists due to the formation of the dipoles in the molecules or atom. The dipoles formed due to the movement of the electron in the atoms. The strength of the dipole or Van der Waal attraction depends on the size of the atoms or the molecule. As the size increases, the strength of the Van der Waal force increases. The positive and the negative regions are shown in the attached picture.
Answer:
1/4
Explanation:
Given that the F2 cross produces offspring according to the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio.
YyRr X YyRr:
Let us break the dihybrid cross into individual monohybrid crosses.
Yy X Yy :
Y y
Y YY Yy
y Yy yy
2/4 or 1/2 of the offspring are heterozygous for the trait.
Similarly, in Rr X Rr cross, 1/2 of the offspring are heterozygous for the trait.
Together, 1/2 * 1/2 = 1/4 of F2 plants are expected to be heterozygous for both traits.
Every animal, plant and human needs the primary physiological needs of water, food and shelter provided by the abiotic system.