Kipling is pro colonialism. He thinks that colonialism is important for the empire.
The Sumerians were probably the first to write down their beliefs, which were the inspiration for much of later Mesopotamian mythology, religion, and astrology. Sumerians believed that the universe consisted of a flat disk enclosed by a tin dome.
Hamilton meant that judges should be free from polotics so that they can interpret the law and cases in their own perspective, without judgement and/or pressure from anyone else.
Infectious diseases and colonization.
Sorry, I don't have an answer more specifc than that.
The United States first began developing nuclear weapons in 1939, during World War II, under the order of President Franklin Roosevelt. Motivation was the fear that US was engaged in a race with Nazi Germany to develop nuclear weapon. This project is best known as Manhattan Project.
