Answer:
Stage 1
Stage one is the period of most growth in a company's production. In this period, each additional variable input will produce more products. This signifies an increasing marginal return; the investment on the variable input outweighs the cost of producing an additional product at an increasing rate. As an example, if one employee produces five cans by himself, two employees may produce 15 cans between the two of them. All three curves are increasing and positive in this stage.
Stage 2
Stage two is the period where marginal returns start to decrease. Each additional variable input will still produce additional units but at a decreasing rate. This is because of the law of diminishing returns: Output steadily decreases on each additional unit of variable input, holding all other inputs fixed. For example, if a previous employee added nine more cans to production, the next employee may only add eight more cans to production. The total product curve is still rising in this stage, while the average and marginal curves both start to drop.
Stage 3
In stage three, marginal returns start to turn negative. Adding more variable inputs becomes counterproductive; an additional source of labor will lessen overall production. For example, hiring an additional employee to produce cans will actually result in fewer cans produced overall. This may be due to factors such as labor capacity and efficiency limitations. In this stage, the total product curve starts to trend down, the average product curve continues its descent and the marginal curve becomes negative.
Answer:
A) Standard packaging materials: Product - DM
B) Lease payment on administrative headquarter: Period
C) Telephone bills (customer service): Period
D) Property insurance (40% of building is used for S&A): Period
E) Property insurance (60% of building is used for manufacturing): Product MOH
F) Wages and benefits paid to assembly-line workers: Product DL
Explanation:
Period costs are not include in the COGS and are generally included under sales and administrative costs.
Product costs are costs incurred in the production of a good or service.
Answer:
$2,280 increase
Explanation:
The computation of the change in net operating income is shown below:
= Increase in monthly sales unit × contribution margin per unit - increased monthly advertising
= 140 units × $52 - $5,000
= $7,280 - $5,000
= $2,280
Since this comes in a positive figure that results in increased in monthly net operating income we simply considered the change in monthly sales unit, monthly advertising, and the contribution margin per unit
Answer:
Reward to risk ratio = (Expected return - Risk free rate) / Beta
Reward to risk ratio of Y = ( 0.145 - 0.056) / 1.2
Reward to risk ratio of Y = 0.089 / 1.2
Reward to risk ratio of Y = 0.0741666
Reward to risk ratio of Y = 7.42%
Reward to risk ratio of Z = (0.093 - 0.056) / 0.7
Reward to risk ratio of Z = 0.037 / 0.7
Reward to risk ratio of Z = 0.0528571
Reward to risk ratio of Z = 5.29%
Security market line (SML) reward-to-risk ratio is the market risk premium itself which is 6.6%.
Stock Y has a reward-to-risk ratio that is higher than the market risk premium, it is currently under-valued in the market. Similarly, since stock Z has a reward-to-risk ratio that is lower than the market risk premium, it is currently over-valued in the market.
