Answer:
I found the options for the questions and these are:
<em><u>a. spousal abuse in adulthood
</u></em>
b. strong will and character in adulthood
c. development of self-control and educational attainment in adulthood
d. severe psychological problems, including psychosis
Explanation:
There is still the prevailing idea of sparing the rod and spoiling the child. However with the recent research has shown that physical punishment in childhood causes the perpetuation of the violence and later it manifests into the victimization of a spouse.
It has also been found that children experiencing harsh physical abuse are more likely to be experiencing other forms of abuse such as emotional, sexual and verbal abuse.
Undoubtedly, children that are brought up in these unsavory conditions are most likely to continue living as such as this is they way they have been taught to manage conflict.
