If an ecosystem lost its producers, there would be no way for energy to move up the web and the ecosystem would most likely fail. Without these energy-capturing organisms, herbivores would get no energy or food. Without them, carnivores would get nothing as well. Because decomposers get energy from all three, they would also die out.
If only decomposers were removed, there would be a lack of nutrients in the soil for plants. This would result in the above (loss of energy, food, and other commodities).
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The gradual abundance of oxygen (by product of photosynthesis) made it possible for aerobic organisms to grow more and evolve.
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If a repressor protein attaches to the operator, RNA polymerase cannot proceed to transcribe key enzymes needed by the organism. This can be seen in the trp operon in E .coli bacteria.
Bacteria produce restriction endonucleases, or restriction enzymes, that recognize and cut up foreign DNA, including certain phage DNA.
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