The main change is the countries the immigrants were coming from. The immigrants in 1840s were coming from the Western Europe mainly Ireland and Germany. Immigrants from Asia and Eastern Europe were coming a bit later while during the beginning of the 20th century most of the immigrants came from Italy.
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were important additions to the constitution because they were created to give equality and aimed mainly towards African-Americans and slaves from he civil war
The Tea Act would serve as to limit enforced inflation on tea stock internationally due to eased export, as well as to aid financially crippled British East India Company.
The Tea Act would also lead to tea prices being unfairly regionally based, rather than fairly marketed. Increased company profits don't necessarily stimulate economy.
I believe the answer is D. Hope this helps.