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Chemical factors: This is due to internal stimuli. Changes in the blood such as decrease in O2, increase in CO2 and decrease in PH cause impulse in the carotid artery which stimulates the respiratory centers in the medulla and cause breathing.
Mechanical factors: also called external stimuli. Compression of the fetal chest during delivery forces small amount of lung fluid out of the lungs. This increase in pressure in the chest draws air into the lungs.
(1) All the genotypes are as follows: AABB, AaBB, AABb, AaBb, aaBB, aaBb, AAbb, Aabb, aabb.
(2) Assuming that Aa is dominant and Bb is recessive, there will be 9 phenotypes with both A and B allele dominant (i.e. AaBb, AABb); there will be 3 phenotypes with just the A allele dominant (i.e. Aabb, AAbb); there will be 3 phenotypes with just the B allele dominant (i.e. aaBb, aaBB); and there will be 1 phenotype with both alleles recessive (i.e. aabb). The phenotypic ratio in this case is 9:3:3:1.
(3) The probability of producing an offspring with the aabb genotype is 1/16 or 6%.
Quality of light is the limiting factor restricting phytoplankton to approximately the top ten feet of the ocean, rather than deeper
Explanation:
When sun rays pass through the water in the oceans, they are quickly diffused and cannot penetrate very deep into the deep water layers. Remember that phytoplanktons are photosynthetic organisms and hence require sunlight to manufacture their own food. They, therefore, cannot grwo in deeper layers of the oceans. They are only found in the photic zone.
The quality of light is especially of most importance and hence the major limiting factor. Red light, of longer wavelength, and which is the major wavelength of light that is used the most by photosynthetic organisms, diffuses very fast than blue light when it passes through water. Therefore the more reason phytoplankton is found in the top ten feet of the ocean, rather than deeper.
Learn More:
For more on phytoplankton check out;
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Explanation:
Formation and circulation. Antarctic bottom water is created in part due to the major overturning of ocean water. Antarctic bottom water is formed in the Weddell and Ross Seas, off the Adélie Coast and by Cape Darnley from surface water cooling in polynyas and below the ice shelf.