Answer: Mental illness refers to a condition that affects a persons thinking and feelings, mental deficiency has to do with cognitive ability. Mental Illnesses can be treated and eventually go away while mental deficiencies are life-long conditions that can only be improved.
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Constitutionalism is a political movement and philosophy that states that the ruling power is bound to respect certain rights of its subjects. According to modern constitutionalism, the form of government must be based on a constitution.
Constitutionalism includes both the empowerment and the limitation of power, both granting power and specifying its scope and purpose. Constitutionalism is considered to promote the principles of the rule of law, the principle of predictability, and to prevent arbitrary administration of justice. According to constitutionalism, laws and judgments in countries with common law can be declared invalid because they are contrary to the constitution if it is done in accordance with the principle of transparency, usually by a constitutional court or a court with similar jurisdiction.
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The summary court-martial can adjudicate minor offenses allegedly committed by enlisted servicemembers. ... If an accused refuses to consent to a trial by summary court-martial, a trial may be ordered by special or general court-martial as may be appropriate, at the discretion of the convening authority.
