Isolationism.
Isolationism was the general policy advocated by members of the public and led by members of the Senate which advocated for the US staying out of wars in Europe and Asia that did not involve it, especially in light of the US's slow emergence from the Great Depression.
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What you are describing is the system of checks and balances.
In the United States there is a system of checks and balances. In our federal government, we have three different branches including the executive, legislative, and judicial. In our system, the executive branch consists of the president while the legislative branch consists of the Senate and House of Representatives. These different branches all have the ability to check the other branches. This ensures that no one branch or individual will gain too much power.
alternate passageway to China and the eastern trade markets, the exploitation of labor and resources in the new world and spreading European-style civilization.