Answer: Gene that arose through gene duplication, but by acquiring mutations became nonfunctional.
Explanation:
A gene is a functional unit of heredity formed by DNA. They possess a sequence of nitrogenous bases that during translation is read by ribosomes to produce molecules called proteins. A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that resembles a gene, but which has been inactivated in the course of evolution by mutations in its sequence. Thus, it is a gene that derives from other known genes and whose functions are different, <u>may have lost their functionality or have radically changed </u>it. To this day, it is not known exactly how pseudogenes are created, however some theories are as follows:
1. A gene duplication can generate two copies of a gene when only one is needed. A mutation would then occur that deactivates one of the copies. In addition, the duplication event may not be complete, so that the copy has incomplete promoters.
2. They may be fragments of the messenger RNA transcript of a gene may be spontaneously reverse transcribed and inserted into the chromosomal DNA. They lack the promoters of normal genes, so they are not expressed normally.
3. A gene may become non-functional or inactivated if such a mutation becomes fixed in the population. This can occur by normal means such as natural selection or genetic drift.
A species is an integrated group of populations, integrated through their form, behavior, and preferred living conditions, the consequence of similar DNA and reproductive isolation from other species. A population is several organisms of the same kind in a particular area.
Answer:
b. Chemiosmosis
Explanation:
Chemiosmosis refers to the process during which phosphorylation of ADP into ATP is driven by the energy of an electrochemical gradient. This electrochemical gradient was generated during the transfer of electrons down an electron transport chain. The components of the electron transport chain pump the protons across the membrane to produce a proton concentration gradient. During chemiosmosis, protons diffuse through the transmembrane channels of ATP synthase and ATP is synthesized. There is no reduction of NAD+ or oxidation of NADH during chemiosmosis.
Answer:
This statement is false. Borders of plates do change when they shift and the shifting of plates is inevitable.
Explanation:
