Answer:
Explanation:
We present an explicit and simple approximation for the superadiabatic excess (over ideal gas) free power functional, admitting the study of the nonequilibrium dynamics of overdamped Brownian many-body systems. The functional depends on the local velocity gradient and is systematically obtained from treating the microscopic stress distribution as a conjugate field. The resulting superadiabatic forces are beyond dynamical density functional theory and are of a viscous nature. Their high accuracy is demonstrated by comparison to simulation results.
This is extremely vague, but assuming this is regarding concentration gradient in the nervous system, the Sodium-Potassium pump is responsible for transporting sodium and potassium.
Answer: Because they experience microscopic damage, which, in this context, is a good thing. In response, the injured cells release inflammatory molecules called cytokines that activate the immune system to repair the injury. This is when the muscle-building magic happens.
Explanation:
The mushroom will get 0.05 kcals of energy units in the end. This is because at each level, you only pass on 10% of the energy, which then results in the mushroom getting only 0.05 kcals by the end.
