Chemical methods--It includes ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and reduction, and neutralization.........
Thermal methods--In this, high-temperature incineration, which not only can detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy them....
Biological treatment-- It is of certain organic wastes, such as those from the petroleum industry by a special method called landfarming
Physical treatment-- It concentrates, solidifies, or reduces the volume of the waste. Physical processes include evaporation, sedimentation, flotation, and filtration....
1)Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of any organisms should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA.
2)DNA structure
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order of these bases is what determines DNA's instructions, or genetic code.
3)A nucleotide consists of three things: A nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine (in the case of RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil). A five-carbon sugar, called deoxyribose because it is lacking an oxygen group on one of its carbons. One or more phosphate groups.
4)DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because of this process of replication, where the resulting double helix is composed of both an old strand and a new strand. ... Semiconservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
5)The diagram has show in above.
6)complementary base pairing is necessary because the double helix shape would not be the same if not. Doubles would only pair with doubles and the singles to singles.
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Answer:
Steps to cellular respiration:
1) In the first step of respiration, glycolysis occurs in which glucose molecule is converted into pyruvate molecule.
2) Krebs cycle is also called citric acidity cycle. In this cycle, hydrogen and electron are produced from the oxidation of pyruvate molecule and provides to electron transport chain.
3) Electrons carried by NADH + H and FADH2 are converted into oxygen through a series of electron carriers, and production of ATP occurs.
Answer:
STEP-BY-STEP: HOW TO SET UP A PUNNETT SQUARE.
Step 1: Write out the cross T = tall, t = short Tt x Tt.
Step 2: Draw 2 by 2 Punnett square.
Step 3: Write the alleles for parent 1 on.
the left side of the Punnett square.
Step 4: Write the alleles from parent 2.
above the Punnett square.