The Jim Crow era directly followed the Reconstruction period in the United States history. The name Jim Crow comes from a white actor who portrayed a dim witted black slave in the 1830's. Jim Crow is used to describe segregation laws, customs, etc.
Well reformation happened because of different religions and people thought these religions that you described are the best ones. This caused political conflicts and warfare
Genocide is defined as mass murder. It is done to eradicate a race, an ethnic group, or a nation.
C. The Mongol Sack of Baghdad in 1258 is an example of genocide.
Mongol soldier killed the citizens of Baghdad regardless if said citizen is a man, a woman, or a child. It was said that the death toll ranged from 200,000 to 1 million people of Baghdad resulting to it being depopulated.