A was divided into independent city-states
Authoritarian
Explanation: An authoritarian ruler is basically a dictator, not allowing any freedom of choice. Authoritative provides some parental control, but probably with limits. Permissive is lenient.
Answer:…South Korea arrested and imprisoned thousands of communists. North Korea crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. South Korea held free elections but North Korea did not. North Korea sought the support of China and the Soviet Union.
Explanation:
The best answer for the first problem is that high elevations and high latitudes have similar effect on climate.
For the second problem... I'm not entirely certain, but I believe that location B would be warmer and drier. I don't know for sure, but that would make sense, right? Since it's out of the wind, it would be warmer, and less moisture would be blown over.