For your question the answer is C.
Hope this helps:)
The answer to your question is c.invented because it's a past participle.
D. All of these things.
if the note cards are for citations or sources, then each element is needed.
For example: when citing a physical copy of a book (in MLA format at least) it’s important you include all relevant information. It would look like this: Author last name, First name. Title of Book/Magazine. Publisher, Publication Year. Print.