Answer:
A. Because the 13th amendment was passed to abolish slavery, white business owners and plantation owners used the Black Codes as a way for the white employers to still treats blacks as slaves rather than employees.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Article IV of the US Constitution establishes the responsibilities of the states to each other and the responsibilities of the federal government toward the states. Section 1 of Article IV requires that the states give “full faith and credit” to the public acts and judicial proceedings of every other state.
 
        
             
        
        
        
The intersection between the supply curve (an upward sloping function) and the demand curve (a downwardsloping function) determines the equilibrium point of a market. The equilibrium is the point which represents the exact market price and quantity demanded/supplied at which the wishes of consumers and suppliers meet. 
<u>When the market is not in the equilibrium point</u>, two different situations could be happening:
- Excess demand: this is a situation in which the market price is located below the equilibrium price. The quantity demanded at that market price would exceed the amount that the producers are willing to produce and supply at that same price. Therefore, not all consumers are able to obtain the product they desire and there is rationing. 
- Excess supply: at a certain price located above the equilibrium, the quantity that suppliers are willing to produce exceeds the amount demanded by consumers at that more expensive price. Therefore, suppliers would not be able to sell their whole production in the market. 
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer: Although initially disregarded by the great powers of Europe, the Monroe Doctrine became a mainstay of U.S. foreign policy. In 1823 U.S. President James Monroe proclaimed the U.S. protector of the Western Hemisphere by forbidding European powers from colonizing additional territories in the Americas.
Explanation:
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
It came on June 17, 1885.