Lack of diversity is the primary challenge
Explanation:
the definition of the line and shape can determine mood for instants sharp jagged lines the mood would be intense or stressful however smooth lines are calm and soft.
Pop Art uses iconic people or cultural symbols which can be identified as exactly what they are. Abstract Expressionism is not identifiable as a specific things or object, because it is supposed to communicate feelings. Pop Art usually sends a specific message, whereas Abstract Expressionism is art that is up to interpretation.
I'm not an art expert, but the process of chipping, cutting, and drilling sounds like sculpting.