<span>The US Congress adopted a compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans that allowed for population-proportional representation in the House of Representatives that favored the Virginia Plan, while adopting equal representation between the states in the Senate, a move which favored the New Jersey Plan.</span>
<span>It caused other merchants to be inspired. They saw a chance to seek similar profit.</span>
By approval, I think you mean by the delegates from each state had approved it. The problem was that the states themselves had to approve it. That seemed like a cumbersome process, but you have to remember that democracy works on the will of the people and each state had to ratify it keeping in mind that there were still problems: it was not a slam dunk.
I believe the correct answer is B. focused on warlike ability.
Spartans were famous for their warriors, and if you know anything about history (or you've seen the move '300') you know what I'm talking about. Democracy, philosophy, and art were are connected with Athens far more than with Sparta.
Land claimed by Portugal actually belonged to Spain.