Answer:
D).It protected commercial areas in the South.
There were many causes of the crusades including political, economic, and religious factors. However, the crusades were a major conflict between European Christian forces and Muslim armies from Western Asia who fought for control of the Holy Lands that had importance to both Christians in Muslim. The control of these lands brought power, prestige, religious importance, and also economic gains to whichever force controlled these lands.
The idea of citizenship has changed throughout history because citizenship has been reshaped by immigration and the growth of population. In the past citizenship was determined moreso by the place you were born. For instance people born in Athens, or ancient Rome was considered citizens of that country. Now , especially in modern U.S.A citizenship can be earned and worked for. For instance the immigrants that come from overseas and foreign countries, they can come to America and be a citizen within a few years.
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