In animals the sensory capabilities evolved over hundreds of millions of years. It is therefore not surprising that different se
nsory aspects use similar transduction mechanisms. a) In terms of transduction (i.e., the way energy or chemicals are sensed and transduced into an electrical signal), which distinct human sensory systems use the same molecular mechanisms?
In an olfactory system, odor molecules are perceived by the olfactory receptors. These odor molecules are nothing but the chemicals which are then transduced as chemical signals into the electrical signals and sent to the brain. The brain perceives these electrical signals as smell.
The odorant particles bind to the specific receptors located at cilia which then signal through the G protein Gαolf which then activate adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase leads to cAMP production which then open a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel through which both sodium and calcium ion entern into the cell. Calcium ion then activates chloride channels and thereby causing transduction of electrical signal
Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 calories, more than twice that supplied by proteins or carbohydrates.
Its either a or d a because if someone takes a photo of the wings they could see how the wings work or d because then the person could see the colors in the pictures