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Rudiy27
3 years ago
5

Natural selection and genetic drift are two mechanisms of evolution that can lead to speciation. Define both natural selection a

nd genetic drift, describe how both can lead to speciation, and provide both a historic and potentially current example for each. Be sure to address selection pressures
Biology
1 answer:
timofeeve [1]3 years ago
5 0
<h2>Evolution </h2>

Explanation:                  

Genetic drift

  • Genetic drift is change in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation that occurs due to chance events
  • The genetic drift occurs due to random fluctuation of any allele in a gene pool and is more efficient in small population
  • The founder effect and the bottleneck effect are cases in which a small population is formed from a larger population which means they may experience strong drift for generations
  • In founder effect a genotype from a homogeneous gene pool migrate to a newer habitat and colonize there and form a newer community which leads to the genetic drift to the original population, speciation which occurs in this effect is the peripatric speciation
  • In bottleneck effect the elimination of inferior genotype from a homogeneous gene pool occurs due to the strong selection pressure and changing environmental conditions which leads to genetic drift and a only a few most adapted genotype survives and flourish

Natural Selection

  • Natural selection is a selection pressure which operates in a population and allow the best fitted genotype to survive in changing environmental conditions and eliminate the other genotype which are not fit
  • Genetic drift, mutation and sexual selection are important causes of natural selection
  • Directional natural selection favours the superior genotype and eliminate the inferior and intermediate genotype, in the history of evolution the most common natural selection is directional natural selection
  • Stabilizing natural selection favours the intermediate genotype but eliminates the extreme genotype
  • Bidirectional natural selection favours the extreme genotypes but eliminate the intermediate genotypes

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