The normal blood pH for adult humans is 7.40, and this pH value is vigorously defended at normal body temperature
Acid base Homeostasis is the method by which body keeps a constant ph
pH is kept under check via different systems
1. Chemical system :bicarbonate buffer system(explained below )
Respiratory component :
2. Respiratory Component: The second line of dense is rapid consisting of the control the carbonic acid concentration in the ECF by changing the rate and depth of breathing by hyperventilation or hypoventilation. This blows off or retains carbon dioxide (and thus carbonic acid) in the blood plasma as required
3.Metabolic component : third line of defense is slow, best measured by the base excess,eand mostly depends on the renal system which can add or remove bicarbonate ions to or from the ECF.Bicarbonate ions are derived from metabolic carbon dioxide which is enzymatically converted to carbonic acid in the renal tubular cells.There, carbonic acid spontaneously dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.When the pH in the ECF falls, hydrogen ions are excreted into urine, while bicarbonate ions are secreted into blood plasma, causing the plasma pH to rise.The converse happens if the pH in the ECF tends to rise: bicarbonate ions are then excreted into the urine and hydrogen ions into the blood plasma.
Buffers usually consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base; this enables them to readily absorb excess H+ or OH–, keeping the system’s pH within a narrow range.
Maintaining a constant blood pH is critical to a person’s well-being. The buffer that maintains the pH of human blood involves carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO3–), and carbon dioxide (CO2). When bicarbonate ions combine with free hydrogen ions and become carbonic acid, hydrogen ions are removed, moderating pH changes. Similarly, excess carbonic acid can be converted into carbon dioxide gas and exhaled through the lungs; this prevents too many free hydrogen ions from building up in the blood and dangerously reducing its pH; likewise, if too much OH– is introduced into the system, carbonic acid will combine with it to create bicarbonate, lowering the pH.
Example: Antacids, which combat excess stomach acid, are another example of buffers.
ECF =Extra cellular fluid
Answer:
Tertiary structure is formed by the folding of the secondary structure sheets or helices into one another. The tertiary structure of protein is the geometric shape of the protein. It usually has a polypeptide chain as a backbone, with one or more secondary structures. The tertiary structure is determined by the interactions and bonding of the amino acid side chains in the protein.
Tertiary structure is formed by the folding of the secondary structure sheets or helices into one another. The tertiary structure of protein is the geometric shape of the protein. It usually has a polypeptide chain as a backbone, with one or more secondary structures. The tertiary structure is determined by the interactions and bonding of the amino acid side chains in the protein.Quaternary structure results from folded amino-acid chains in tertiary structures interacting further with each other to give rise to a functional protein such as hemoglobin or DNA polymerase.
Migration is when individuals join new populations, this
causes a change in gene frequencies that results in evolutionary change, which
is called gene flow or gene migration. Gene flow can change the incidence and
the variety of alleles in the populations because of the migration of organisms
that reproduce in a different population. This results to a new combination of
traits.
Answer:
A. Helium will move out of the cell
Inside the cell the concentration is higher than concentration off outer cell so the inner helium well more about of cell