They gained control over many byzantine trade routes. The first is your answer
Booker T. Washington believed that blacks should accommodate to racial prejudice and focus on self-improvement through hard work. The quote mentions the importance of "merit" or hard work in determining the value of a person in society. This therefore supports his idea that blacks should focus on an economic skill and not focus on the separation and prejudice in society.
In Washington's famous "Atlanta Compromise" speech, he outlines his theory of accommodation. He essentially argued that blacks must find their place in society, a place that whites did not want to occupy. In doing this you accept the segregation law by achieving economic success in your area. He believed in vocational studies for blacks to find their economic success. In his speech he refers to the country as a hand and that each group were the fingers. African Americans could successfully work to support the hand while not interfering with other groups.
The answer you are looking for is option B I hope this helps you.
B. The expulsion of non-Christians from Spain.
The Reconquista had the ultimate effect of driving Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula, and contributed to the unification of a single Spanish kingdom.
Muslim incursions into the Iberian Peninsula had happened already back in the 8th century, and Muslim populations controlled the southern portions of Spain and Portugal for many centuries. "The Reconquista" is the name given to the retaking of the lands by Portugal and Spain, completed in 1492. Following that, there were efforts to force Muslims to convert to Catholic Christianity if they wished to remain in the land. [Jews were targeted also.] The Reconquista had been pursued on and off since the 8th century, but was most aggressively--and successfully--carried out by the monarchy team of Ferdinand and Isabella, who completed the conquest over Muslims in Grenada in 1492.
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile had joined their kingdoms by marriage to one another in 1469. Their success against the Muslim presence in the peninsula advanced their control over all of Spain. Under their son, King Charles I, Spain was ruled as a single kingdom. (Charles is perhaps more famously known also as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, as he held that imperial title also from 1519 to 1556.)
