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insens350 [35]
3 years ago
8

What is the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes?

Biology
1 answer:
SCORPION-xisa [38]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Oncogenes result from a mutation in  proto-oncogenes.

Explanation:

  • Protooncogenes control the growth and division of cells.
  • The proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes include growth factors, growth factor receptors, transcription factors and signal transducers.
  • They contribute to the transformation process by driving cell proliferation or reducing sensitivity to cell death.
  • Several types of genetic and epigenetic changes convert these proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.
  • Oncogenes arise due to the changes that increases the expression of proto-oncogenes .
  • Oncogenes are one of the causes of cancers.

A proto-oncogenes can turn into oncogene by following ways:

  • A point mutation  such as deletion, insertion and substitution  in the proto-oncogene can lead to formation of oncogenes.
  • Chromosomal translocation may result in activation of proto-oncogene as seen in Burkitt's lymphoma.
  • Insertion of a mobile genetic material such as retrovirus changes the gene expression, but leaves their coding sequence intact.
  • Activation of proto-oncogene can also occur from reduplication and amplification of DNA sequence.
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