What is the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes?
1 answer:
Answer:
Oncogenes result from a mutation in proto-oncogenes.
Explanation:
Protooncogenes control the growth and division of cells. The proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes include growth factors, growth factor receptors, transcription factors and signal transducers. They contribute to the transformation process by driving cell proliferation or reducing sensitivity to cell death. Several types of genetic and epigenetic changes convert these proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Oncogenes arise due to the changes that increases the expression of proto-oncogenes .Oncogenes are one of the causes of cancers. A proto-oncogenes can turn into oncogene by following ways:
A point mutation such as deletion, insertion and substitution in the proto-oncogene can lead to formation of oncogenes. Chromosomal translocation may result in activation of proto-oncogene as seen in Burkitt's lymphoma.Insertion of a mobile genetic material s uch as retrovirus changes the gene expression, but leaves their coding sequence intact. Activation of proto-oncogene can also occur from reduplication and amplification of DNA sequence.
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