NN would be it's genotype and big nose would be it's phenotype.
The answer is C oxygen.
Hope this helps.
Kinetic energy is best described as the energy of motion, energy of position, or the energy of electrical change.
The false statement is: (a) Transcriptional regulators usually interact with the sugar–phosphate backbone on the outside of the double helix to determine which DNA sequence to bind.
Transcriptional regulator or factor is protein with the ability to control and regulate gene expression at the transcription level by binding to DNA. Transcriptional factors have domain-DNA-binding domain which contains structural motif that recognizes DNA and it is responsible for the attachment to specific DNA sequence. It usually binds to the DNA major groove (hydrogen bonding) because it is less degenerate than that of the DNA minor groove.
Transcriptional factors also contain trans-activating domain for the binding of other proteins and signal-sensing domain for the detection of external signals.
Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
