Because an antibody is "made" relative to the antigen, but kept at low levels when you are exposed the first time ("primary immune response"). The second time you're exposed to the same antigen, memory cells recognize it and the body produces a high level of antibodies, and the level of antibodies usually remains higher for a longer time ("secondary immune response"). This is your basic immune response (primary and secondary).
This explains exactly why vaccines are effective to extremely effective.
The benefits are Beaches are better protected against erosion.
Trenches created in the ocean encourage species growth.
WhatWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nutrition?
Since nutrition just reduces the consequences of erosion and does not address its origins, it is usually a recurrent procedure. An agreeable setting lengthens the time between nutrient projects, cutting costs. On the other hand, a high rate of erosion might make nutrition unprofitable.
Sea turtles and rare and endangered birds alike depend on healthy beach and dunes systems. Important wildlife habitat areas that are endangered by erosion are provided by maintaining nourished beaches.
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Answer:
The correct answer is - contains many genes for transcription factors that are present in cnidarians and bilaterian animals.
Explanation:
Placozoans are the simplest known metazoan organism known on earth and found in warm water and all over the globe. Placozoans are very small approximately 2 to 3 mm.
These are basal forms of marine free-living multicellular organisms. In the molecular studies, it is found that they have similar genes that are present in cnidarians and bilaterian animals for transcription factors.
Answer:
Neutrophils help fight infections because they ingest microorganisms and secrete enzymes that destroy them. A neutrophil is a type of white blood cell, a type of granulocyte and a type of phagocyte.
Explanation:
Neutrophils display adhesion glycoproteins on their surface to bind endothelial and subendothelial structures. They move randomly until they find a damaged site. Unless neutrophils are activated, endothelial cells do not tend to adhere. When inflammation mediators (IL-1, FNT) activate endothelial cells, they express P-selectin and E-selectin on the surface. The expression of glycoproteins and L-selectin cause the initial adhesion of the non-stimulated neutrophil to the activated endothelium, slowing it down by rolling it over the endothelium. Activated endothelial cells, opsonized particles, immune complexes, FEC-G, FEC-GM and chemoattractants produce factors that stimulate neutrophil activation. Expressing β2 integrin (endothelium adhesion molecule) Neutrophils expand and form pseudopods. Neutrophil activation also promotes degranulation, superoxide generation, and arachidonate metabolite production.
It's depends on the size of molecule. big ones cannot pass the membrane while smaller molecules can.
