I didn’t expect this site to be used to help with full essaysXD I don’t think anyone’s gunna help you with this one man, might as well just start writing urself.
I'm sorry if this isn't right but from what I learned it's the first one :)
What is urgent there's nothing to answer?
Answer: a long term affect might be the effect on imperialism on the colonized people which are political changes such as changing the government that reflects upon European traditions and economic changes that made the colonies creat resources.
Explanation:
Because it could roll over bombed out landscapes and keep penetrating the opposing force. Hope that helped! ;)