If a 16-cell human embryo were carefully divided in half, what would be likely to occur? Explain.
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- Three major types of RNA are mRNA, or messenger RNA, that serve as temporary copies of the information found in DNA; rRNA, or ribosomal RNA, that serve as structural components of protein-making structures known as ribosomes; and finally, tRNA, or transfer RNA, that ferry amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled .
- RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins; while tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes to assist the protein biosynthesis, and on the other hand, rRNA provides the structural framework for the formation of ribosomes.
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DNA is composed of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts:
1. A five carbon carbohydrate (pentose)
Pentose is classified as a monosaccharide (simple carbohydrate), and its molecular formula is represented by . They are water soluble molecules with sweet taste. Monosaccharides may have from three carbon atoms (trioses) to six (hexoses). In DNA is present pentose (5 carbon atoms)
2. A nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous bases are ring-shaped compounds that contain nitrogen in their molecular structure. They are classified into two groups: purines and pyrimidines
The purine bases are adenine (A) and guanine (G). They are larger and contain more than one ring in their structure,.
The pyrimidines, cytosine (C), uracil (U) and thymine (T), are smaller and composed of a single ring.
3. One or more phosphate groups
A phosphate consists of a trivalent anion that contains one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms. Its molecular formula is expressed by .