Answer:
A polis (plural: poleis) was the typical structure of a community in the ancient Greek world. A polis consisted of an urban centre, often fortified and with a sacred centre built on a natural acropolis or harbour, which controlled a surrounding territory (chora) of land. The term polis has, therefore, been translated as ‘city-state’ as there was typically only one city and because an individual polis was independent from other poleis in terms of political, judicial, legal, religious and social institutions and practices, each polis was in effect a state. Like a state, each polis was also involved in international affairs, both with other poleis and non-Greek states in the areas of trade, political alliances and wars. Other cultures had a similar social and political structure, notably, the Babylonians, Etruscans and Phoenicians, and the latter are believed to be the originators of the polis as a communal unit.
The polis emerged from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the Mycenaean civilization in Greece and by the 8th century BCE a significant process of urbanisation had begun. There were eventually over 1,000 poleis in the Greek World but among the most important were Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, Syracuse, Aegina, Rhodes, Argos, Eretria, and Elis. The biggest was Sparta, although with some 8,500 km² of territory, this was exceptionally large and most poleis were small in size. However, poleis such as Athens, Rhodes and Syracuse possessed significant naval fleets which also allowed them to control wide areas of territory across the Aegean
They believed that gods and goddesses ruled different areas of human life hope it helps
Answer:
I think Spain best illustrates the statement "contact with Europeans dramatically alters American Indian societies, both culturally and economically."
Explanation:
Plains Native Americans(American Indians) lived in a variety of sedentary and nomadic communities before the invasion of Spanish colonizers.
They farmed corn, hunted, and
often gathered, establishing different lifestyles and eating healthy diets but with the arrival of horses on the Plains along with the Spanish colonizers, they disrupted their agricultural norms and intensified hunting competition between American Indian groups.
The Spanish altered American Indian lives in many ways. Their intrusion resulted in changing the tribal customs and religious traditions of the American Indian community. Tribal alliances changed positions and new rivalries were developed. American Indians lost their land, their families, and their way of life.
The Indians were then compelled to feed the invaders with food initially used to feed themselves. This furthers proved to be a burden during the dry growing seasons. Implementing the encomienda and repartimiento systems which forced Indians to pay taxes with their food, blankets, and their labor. Repartimiento was a disadvantage to the Indians because it took from them their own fields to plant and harvest instead forced them to plant and harvest on the Spanish fields thereby altering their economy as a people
C, it made it okay to discriminate against african americans.
