7/12 of this region is shaded.
The Crusades is a possible answer. They paved the way for much cultural transmission. Trading can be another possible answer.
A) The establishment clause would be your answer.
The First Amendment provides: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” These two clauses are referred to as the “establishment clause” and the “free exercise clause.” As with that part of the First Amendment which protects freedom of speech, both of these clauses have been applied to the states, and therefore operate against all levels of government in the United States. The free exercise clause protects the religious beliefs, and to a certain extent, the religious practices of all citizens. The more controversial establishment clause prohibits the government from endorsing, supporting, or becoming too involved in religion and religious activities.
I'm pretty sure the answer is Ivan Pavlov
Early human<span> migrations and expansions of archaic and modern </span>humans<span> across continents began 2 million years ago with the </span>migration out of Africa<span> of Homo erectus. </span>