Blood coagulation can be triggered by vascular devices including stents, hemodialyzers, and membrane oxygenators; as a result, systemic anticoagulants are frequently needed to prevent specific intravascular thrombotic/embolic events or extracorporeal device failure. Vascular device surface-initiated thrombus development has been demonstrated to be significantly influenced by coagulation factor (F)XII of the contact activation system. Targeting the contact activation system shows promise as a substantially safer method than conventional antithrombotic for avoiding vascular device-associated thrombosis because FXII is not required for hemostasis. Create and describe anti-FXII monoclonal antibodies that block the activation or activity of the enzyme. Methods: In FXII-deficient animals, monoclonal antibodies against FXII were produced, and their binding and anticoagulant abilities were examined in purified plasma systems, whole blood flow-based tests, and an in vitro experiment.
thrombus development caused by a vascular device in a living non-human primate animal. Results: Over 400 candidates were selected from an FXII antibody screen and tested in binding and clotting experiments. Six inhibitor antibodies and one non-inhibitor antibody were chosen for functional test evaluation. The most effective inhibitory antibody, 1B2, has been shown to lengthen clotting durations, inhibit fibrin development on collagen under shear, and inhibit platelet deposition and fibrin formation in an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator used in a non-human primate. Conclusion: Selective contact activation inhibitors have the potential to be helpful research tools as well as secure and efficient thrombosis inhibitors for vascular devices.
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Answer:
C. transfers water into Earth’s oceans.
E. moves oxygen and carbon dioxide through the biosphere.
Explanation: Atmosphere has great effect on the movement of water. Due to evaporation, water that is present in the ocean is evaporated in the form of vapours and forming clouds. These clouds move to the hilly areas and falls in the form of rain. This water is used by both plants and animals.
Atmosphere moves oxygen and carbon dioxide through the biosphere. Carbondioxode is exhaled from animal's body to the atmosphere. This carbondioxode is used by plants in the process of photosynthesis and make their own food and oxygen is exhaled. This oxygen is used by the animals.
Answer:
The correct answer is "Females are mosaic for the expression of heterozygous X-inked loci because females undergo random X-inactivation".
Explanation:
This study reports that pairs of male twins tended to be more alike in their prosocial behavior, peer problems, and verbal ability scores than pairs of female twins. This is explained by the process of random X-inactivation in pairs of female twins. Random X-inactivation is the transcriptional silencing of one X chromosome in female cells during its development. This results in pairs of female twins being mosaic for the expression of heterozygous X-inked, making female twins actually not identical in its phenotype.
