Question

Two major problems occur in water intoxication; one problem is that the overhydration leads to a non-homeostatic decrease in the concentration of __________; this leads to a significant decrease in blood osmotic pressure. The second problem is that the excessive increase in water volume, due to too much water intake, increases its extracellular (intravascular and interstitial) concentration out of normal homeostatic range. This high extracellular concentration of water causes water to move down its concentration gradient into cells; cells begin to __________ to a non-physiologic size.

Answer 1

Options are not provided inthe question. Hence, the complete question is

Two major problems occur in water intoxication; one problem is that the overhydration leads to a non-homeostatic decrease in the concentration of __________; this leads to a significant decrease in blood osmotic pressure. The second problem is that the excessive increase in water volume, due to too much water intake, increases its extracellular (intravascular and interstitial) concentration out of normal homeostatic range. This high extracellular concentration of water causes water to move down its concentration gradient into cells; cells begin to __________ to a non-physiologic size.

A. antibodies; shrink

B. hormones; swell

C. blood solutes; swell

D. blood solutes; shrink

Answer:

C. blood solutes; swell

Explanation:

Water intoxication or  hyperhydration or water poisoning is a fatal brain functional disorder caused due to excessive water consumption forces the normal electrolyte balance in the body outside safe limits.

There are two major impact sofwater intoxication on health that includes:

1. Due to overhydration, blood solutes concentration decreases due to imbalance in blood level and results in decrease in blood osmotic pressure.
2. Due to intake of excessive water, extracellular concentration increases  which is out of normal homeostatic range. This excessive water and high etracellular concentration allows water to move down its concentration gradient into cells and resluts into swelling of cell.

Hence, the correct option is C.